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"The world under heaven, after a long period of division, tends to unite; after a long period of union, tends to divide"

- Luo Kuan Chung


 

 


 


three kingdoms

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Luo Kuan Chung , China, 1330-1400

Luo Kuan Chung or Luo Guanzhong the author usually attributed with writing the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He is also credited with working on and editing The Water Margin, two of the most revered epics in Chinese literature.
Luo Kuan Chung lived at the end of Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty and was mentioned in by the contemporary record by Jia Zhongming who met Chung in 1364. It tells that he was from Taiyuan, although other historians have suggested he came from either Hangzhou or Jiangnan.
There is some suggestion that Shi Nai-an, the author usually attributed with creation of The Water Margin and Luo Kuan Chung were the actually same person. This could be as a result of Chung using a pseudonym so that he would avoid inspection by those who took issue with the anti government slant of the Outlaws of the Marsh stories.
Chung was a prolific writer. In addition to his work on The Romance and The Water Margin, Chung wrote Pingyao Zhuan, a ghost story developed from the original pieces of storytelling based on a rebellion at the end of Northern Song Dynasty, and later enlarged by Feng Menglong  into 40 chapters. Can Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan  \is a chronicle of the end of the Tang Dynasty and the following Five Dynasties period, a compilation of storytelling pices based on the rebel of Zhu Wen and is also attributed to Chung.
Chung is believed to have died around1400.

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The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms era was a period in the history of China with the chaotic period called the Six Dynasties which followed the collapse Han dynasty. Traditionally, it refers to the period between the foundation of Wu in 222 and the conquest of Shu by the Kingdom of Wei in 263. However, many Chinese historians and laymen extend the starting point of this period back to the uprising of the Yellow Turbans in 184.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms one hundred and thirteen years of Chinese history, starting in 168 A.D. and ending with the reunification of the land in 280 A.D.
The novel describes the fall of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Ling due to the Yellow Scarves rebellion, the division of the Empire into the three kingdoms – Shu, Wei, and Wu – and finally the reunification of the empire by the Jin Dynasty.
The book begins with the detailed description of the crisis that ended the 400 year old Han Dynsasty.  Following the abdication of Emperor Xian, chaos reigns and the rest of the novel concerns the division of the empire and the quest for reunification.
Chung’s novel draws on the Records of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, a contemporary history of the events in the Romance. Other histories and court documents were used by Chung when composing his novel. Chung also used poetic works by Tang dynasty poets.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is somewhat unique for the time in that it describes both the Dynastic power struggles of the Imperial court as well as the horrendous struggles of the suffering populace.